Surge imatanthawuza nsonga yanthawi yomweyo yopitilira kukhazikika, kuphatikiza ma voltages okwera ndi mafunde othamanga. Kuchulukitsa kwamagetsi opangira magetsi kumachokera pazifukwa ziwiri: zakunja (zifukwa za mphezi) ndi zamkati (zida zamagetsi zimayamba ndikuyimitsa, ndi zina). Makhalidwe a ma surges nthawi zambiri amakhala aafupi kwambiri. The overvoltage chifukwa cha mphezi nthawi zambiri mu micro-second mlingo, overvoltage chifukwa cha zipangizo zamagetsi nthawi zambiri mu milliseconds, koma pompopompo voteji ndi panopa ndi zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo n'zotheka kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo magetsi ndi chingwe ndi zoipa, chifukwa chake chitetezo cha opaleshoni chimafunika kuti chitetezedwe. Surge protector, dzina lachingerezi Surge Protective Device, lomwe limatchedwa SPD, ndi chipangizo chamagetsi choperekera chitetezo pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, zida, ndi njira zoyankhulirana, makamaka pochepetsa kuchulukirachulukira komanso mafunde otuluka magazi. Chitetezo cha opaleshoni nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofanana ndi zida zotetezedwa. Pamene overvoltage kwaiye, akhoza kuchita ngati kugawanika ndi voteji kuthamanga. Pewani mafunde ochulukirapo kuti asawonongeke pa chipangizocho. Zigawo zazikulu za chitetezo cha opaleshoni ndi gawo lopanda malire mkati. Kutengera ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osagwirizana, chitetezo chachitetezo chimatha kugawidwa kukhala mtundu wosinthira (chinthu chapakati chimakhala chochotsa) komanso mtundu wotsekereza (chinthu chachikulu chimakhala chovuta kukana). Ngakhale kukhetsa kukhetsa ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito ya kukaniza tcheru tcheru ndi osiyana, makhalidwe ofunika ndi ofanana kwambiri: pamene palibe overvoltage, impedance awo ndi okwera kwambiri, ambiri megapometh, amene ali pafupifupi ofanana ndi kuchotsedwa. Pamene overvoltage kumachitika, impedance imatsitsidwa mwachangu ku Europe zingapo. Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kudzalowa pansi kudzera muchitetezo cha opaleshoni, ndipo sichidzalowa mu zipangizo, ndipo chifukwa cholepheretsa chitetezo cha opaleshoni ndi chaching'ono, ziwiri zake Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yaying'ono, komanso chifukwa cha kufanana kwake ndi zida zotetezedwa. , idzalepheretsa chipangizocho kuti chisapirire mphamvu yowonjezereka. Mwanjira iyi, zotsatira za utsi ndi zoletsedwa zimaseweredwa.